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Good medicine tastes bitter, but it is often difficult to swallow because the drug is bitter and astringent, so that the compliance of patients with medication is poor. However, the use of taste masking technology can better improve this situation. Appropriate and effective taste masking technology can improve the drug compliance of patients, especially children, it can also improve the curative effect and the clinical value of drugs. Herein, we summarize the latest research progress of taste masking technology, and summarize the traditional taste masking technology from the aspects of action mechanisms and application scopes. Finally, the novel and efficient taste masking technologies were presented.
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The taste of drugs has an important impact on the compliance of patients, but most of the active drug ingredients have an uncomfortable taste, especially traditional Chinese medicine. Through a variety of pharmaceutical excipients with taste masking properties combined with corresponding technologies can improve the taste of drugs and the characteristics of other dosage forms, so as to improve patient compliance. Here, we mainly summarize the auxiliary materials used for taste masking, explain the mechanism of taste masking from the point of view of excipients and introduces related uses, so as to provide reference for further research on taste masking of pediatric preparations.
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@#Nanomedicine is charactered with a high specific surface area, diversified structure and function, and charged surface. It can realize the targeted therap by functional modification of surface or introducing the stimuli-responsive unit. Therefore, nanomedicine is increasingly being concerned. Because nanomedicine can accumulate efficiently in the lungs, drug delivery systems based on nanotechnology have broad prospects in the field of the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment in pediatric lung diseases. Herein, we reviewed the research progress of nanomedicine in pediatric lung diseases, especially in respiratory syncytial virus infection and cystic fibrosis.
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OBJECTIVE: To explore the training practice of pediatric medicine professional clinical pharmacists based on mind mapping, and evaluate its application effect. METHODS: The trainees who participated in the training were divided into the experimental group(n=9) and the control group(n=8). The experimental group was based on mind mapping teaching mode, while the control group adopted traditional teaching method. The application effect was evaluated by self-made learning effectiveness questionnaire. RESULTS: The survey results indicated that the improvement degree of pediatric clinical knowledge, pharmaceutical knowledge and clinical practice skills in the test group was higher than that in the control group, especially in the characteristics of commonly used pediatric drugs, individualized therapeutic drug monitoring, medication consultation and medication education(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Mind mapping is helpful for trainees to understand and remember, improve learning efficiency and clinical practice ability, and ensure the safety of medication for children.
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Resumen El trabajo indaga el uso médico de las técnicas de evaluación psicológica en dispensarios de lactantes de Buenos Aires en el marco de los estudios históricos de la psicología en la Argentina. Analiza el ámbito institucional para elucidar el entramado de discursos en el que cabe situar el interés por el control del desarrollo psicológico. Estudia las pruebas utilizadas, las características de la aplicación y los resultados más significativos. Explora las vicisitudes del campo profesional, a la luz de las cuales el recurso a la psicología habría sido útil para consolidar la legitimación del saber médico. Advierte una divergencia entre este uso médico de la psicología y la producción y circulación de conocimiento psicológico en los ámbitos académico y educativo.
Abstract This article explores the medical use of techniques for psychological evaluation in the dispensarios de lactantes (infant and toddler clinics) in Buenos Aires within the framework of historical studies of psychology in Argentina. It analyzes the institutional environment in order to shed light on the framework of discourses within which the interest in controlling psychological development may be situated. It studies the tests used, the characteristics of application and the most significant results. It explores the vicissitudes of the professional field, in the light of which psychology was useful for consolidating the legitimacy of medical knowledge. It points out a divergence between this medical use of psychology and the production and circulation of psychological knowledge in academic and educational environments.
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Child, Preschool , History, 20th Century , Child Development , Child Health Services/history , Psychology, Child/history , ArgentinaABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to evaluate mothers' knowledge about the cariogenic potential of pediatric medicines. A total of 111 mothers were interviewed using a standardized form containing 15 questions relating to the association of pediatric drug use with dental caries and oral hygiene care. Descriptive and inferential statistics (Chi-square test and Fisher's exact) were used at a significance of 5 percent. Most of the mothers were aged 40 years or under (77.4 percent), high school educated (30.6 percent) and not working (50.5 percent). The association between medication use and dental caries or defects in teeth structure was mentioned by 35 (43.2 percent) mothers, 33 of whom (40.7 percent) cited this was due to the presence of sugar in the formulations. Only 32 mothers (28.8 percent) performed oral hygiene for the child after drugs ingestion, although 81.1 percent (n = 90) had never received guidance on the importance of this practice. The type of occupation and maternal education level were not significant in these issues (p> 0.05). Pediatric medicines can create problems for the teeth and a high percentage of mothers are unable to establish a clear cause and effect relationship with this association. Therefore, the pharmaceutical industry needs to be more aware of this and should prepare pediatric medicines without the presence of sucrose.
O objetivo do estudo foi verificar o conhecimento materno sobre o potencial cariogênico de medicamentos infantis. Foram entrevistadas 111 mães por meio de formulário padronizado contendo 15 perguntas relativas à associação do uso de fármacos pediátricos com a cárie dentária e aos cuidados com a higiene bucal. Foi usada a estatística descritiva e inferencial (Qui-quadrado de Pearson e exato de Fischer), com significância de 5 por cento. A maioria das mães tinha até 40 anos (77,4 por cento), ensino médio (30,6 por cento) e não trabalhava (50,5 por cento). A associação entre uso de medicamentos e cárie dental ou defeitos na estrutura dos dentes foi apontada por 35 (43,2 por cento) mães, das quais 33 (40,7 por cento) devido à presença de açúcar nas formulações. Apenas 32 (28,8 por cento) realizavam a higienização bucal da criança após a ingestão de medicamentos; 81,1 por cento (n=90) nunca receberam orientações quanto à importância desta prática. O tipo de ocupação e o grau de escolaridade materno não foram significativos nestas questões (p>0,05). Os medicamentos pediátricos podem trazer problemas para os dentes e alto percentual de mães não consegue estabelecer claramente a relação de causa e efeito existente em tal associação, portanto, é necessária maior conscientização das indústrias farmacêuticas para elaboração de medicamentos pediátricos sem a presença de sacarose.
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Humans , Female , Adult , Child , Dental Caries Susceptibility , Pharmaceutical Preparations , Cariogenic Agents/analysis , PediatricsABSTRACT
We investigated the effects on medical education of early exposure of undergraduate students to a summer camp for children with asthma. An objective evaluation by the editorial staff found final improvements in the following areas (in descending order of frequency): learning of basic medical behavior (91% of students); cooperative attitude of medical staff in general treatment with the patient and the patient's family (88%); understanding of childhood growth and development (80%); knowledge of childhood asthma (69%); and mastery of basic techniques for therapy and examination (41%). The differences in the ratio of improvement (%) before and after visiting the camp, were (in descending order of frequency): cooperative attitude of medical care staff in general medical treatment with the patient and the patient's family (47%); understanding of childhood growth and development (45%); knowledge of childhood asthma (38%); learning of basic medical manner (34%); and mastery of basic techniques for therapy and examination (25%). These findings suggest that a summer camp is useful for exposing undergraduate medical students to children with asthma and is effective for helping them understand patients and family-oriented pediatric medicine.